Although numerous highway safety improvements have been made since the 1970’s in Japan, the safety issue is by no means resolved. Therefore, continued and new highway safety initiatives can-and must-be expected during the 1990’s. Based on this recognition, the research project team is being organized. As a first step of the research program, it is attempted to review numerous highway safety studies and researches which have been made mainly in Japan during the past 30 years. In this paper, the results of review work is briefly summarized in such chapters as Past and Current Trends in Highway Safety in Japan, Statistical Accident Analyses at highway Sections and Intersections, Applications of Conflict Analysis Techniques, Model of Accident Reconstruction, so on. After this some discussions are made on further research needs for realizing the safer and mobile cost-effective highway transportation system.