@phdthesis{oai:muroran-it.repo.nii.ac.jp:00005128,
 author = {阿拉, 坦图雅 and ALA, Tantuya},
 month = {2016-02-15, 2016-02-15},
 note = {application/pdf, 現在，産業の発展，自然開発および環境破壊などにより地球温暖化が進み，世界中で様々な自然災害の発生が増加し，多くの人命や財産が失われ，大きな影響を与えている。本研究では，中国北部に位置する内モンゴルの自然災害の種類と被害状況に着目し，内モンゴルでも雪害，黄砂，干ばつなどの様々な自然災害があり，この中で頻度が高いのは干ばつ，黄砂と雪害であり，そして特に草原の干ばつが深刻で，遊牧民の生活に多大な影響を与えていることが明らかとなった。遊牧民は元来ゲルでのみ生活していたが，定住政策によって生活様式が多様化するようになった。そこで本研究では，遊牧民の生活様式と干ばつ被害の対応を分析し，より現実的で望ましい生活様式を提案することを目的とした。本研究は，5章から構成されている。第1章では，本研究の背景，目的と研究方法を整理し，関連既往研究に対する本研究の位置づけを示した。第2章では，内モンゴルの遊牧民の生活状況と災害被害状況を示した。第3章では，さらに内モンゴルの干ばつ地域であるスニテ右旗における遊牧民の生活実態調査を明らかにし，第4章では，スニテ右旗の住居形態と干ばつ被害率との関連について統計的分析を行った。第5章は，各章を総括し，内モンゴルの自然災害の中で最も深刻になりつつある干ばつが遊牧民の生活に与える影響をまとめ，住居形態に関連している水の確保問題，飼育設備，経済状況などの今後の課題を検討した。本研究の結果を総括すると次のようになる。干ばつ地域を対象に，遊牧民の生活実態調査を行い，これによって定住政策と土地の分配によって，ゲルから土造家屋，レンガ造家屋，更にゲルを併用する居住形態も現れ，さらに自由に移動する遊牧方式から，限られた土地の中で短距離移動の遊牧という牧畜形態が現れたことを確認した。そこで，この多様な住居形態と干ばつ被害率との対応を分析すると，レンガ造家屋の干ばつ被害率が最も低いという結果を得た。しかし，レンガ造家屋だけに定住して行われる放牧方式では過放牧を助長し，将来的には草原の砂漠化を進行させることが予想される。レンガ造家屋とゲルの併用式生活も，レンガ造家屋と被害率に有意差がないことから，この地域での現実的な生活様式として，レンガ造家屋とゲルとの併用式の生活様式が一番望ましい牧畜方式であると考えられる。また，生活様式と関連する水の確保，飼育設備，経済状況などの要因も被害率の低下に寄与していることが推察された。, In recent times, numerous natural disasters have occurred around the world, affecting both human life and property. Industrial development and the ensuing global warming are known as lead causes of this and they will continue to adverse effects on natural development and result in more environmental disruption. In this study, we focus on the inner Mongolia autonomous region in the north part of China. There, various types of natural disasters have eventuated, such as snow damage and yellow sand, due to drought in this area. Drought has a particularly devastating effect on the nomadic people living on the grassy plains, as these plains are severely damaged by drought. Originally, nomadic people lived only in Gel, but their living style diversified after a change in the settlement policy of the Chinese government. The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed outline of the changes in their lifestyle. To do this we analyze the relationship between drought damage and the changes it brings to the lifestyle of nomadic people. This thesis has five chapters. The first chapter outlines the background, purpose and methods used in addition to how this study is placed in relation to past studies. The second chapter reports on the level of disaster damage and details the lifestyle of nomadic people in inner Mongolia. In the third chapter, the present situation of the nomadic people in the Sunite right banner region, which is drought-affected, is described. Drought damage ratio and its effects on several life factors are analyzed, with emphasis on the statistical analysis between the drought damage ratio and house form occurring in the forth chapter. The fifth chapter contains concluding remarks where I propose the optimal house form and live stock farming method based on the outcomes of this study. This study has the following findings. It is confirmed that the policies of settlement and land distribution to nomadic people have resulted in house forms of several types, namely traditional Gel; mud house; brick house and a communal type house which the Gel use together. It is also apparent that a live stock farming method called short-range mobile nomadism, which involves limited movement across the land, has emerged instead of free –range mobile nomadism. From a statistical analysis of damage rates when housing styles are compared, we can conclude that the brick house’s life style results in the lowest damage rate of the various house types. However, the brick house's living style seems to result in excessive pasturing and therefore expanded desertification in the future will be seen. Ideally we wish to avoid this occurring, and the study shows there is no major difference in the damage rate when the communal type house which the Gel use together is used. Hence it is suggested that the communal type house is the most appropriate and realistic life style to be used with the live stock farming method in this area. In this study, it is also assumed that the securing of water, breeding equipment and economic conditions contribute to the deterioration of the damage ratio as is shown by correlation analysis.},
 school = {室蘭工業大学, Muroran Institute of Technology},
 title = {内モンゴルの干ばつ被害と遊牧民の生活様式の変化に関する研究},
 year = {}
}