@article{oai:muroran-it.repo.nii.ac.jp:00005343,
 author = {GRAVE, M. Ewa and グレイブ, M. エバ},
 journal = {北海道言語文化研究},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {application/pdf, As a result of the fall of communism, opening to the West and the recent inauguration to the European Union, Polish people’s perspectives and consequently motivations to learn foreign languages have changed. After World War II, because of Soviet superintendence, Russian dominated as the primary second language in Poland. Learners had little or no say in their choices of language education. Now, two decades later, the situation is quite different. The following is a brief report on the current state of foreign languages in Poland, with a focus on the rise of a new first foreign language: English., 特集 海外の語学教育事情},
 pages = {7--12},
 title = {Foreign Languages in Poland - a Shift in Perspectives and Motivations},
 volume = {6},
 year = {2008}
}