@article{oai:muroran-it.repo.nii.ac.jp:00008208, author = {白石, 正夫 and SHIRAISHI, Masao}, journal = {室蘭工業大学研究報告. 文科編, Memoirs of the Muroran Institute of Technology. Cultural science}, month = {Nov}, note = {application/pdf, We have recently experienced the breakdown of 'socialism' in USSR and Eastern Europe. Why did‘socialism' fail? This is an urgent subject today to be made clear. Because socialism was proposed as an idea of a developed democratic society and the very development of democracy is the common aim of our humankind. And because the failure of‘socialism' is quite the one in democracy. J.Gray attributes the failure of 'socialism' to Marx's theory. He argues that the chief defects of‘socialism' are unavoidable results of the serious attempt to realize Marxian socialism. He asserts that the totalitarianism in‘socialist' states is nothing but a predictable conseq uence of fundamental flaws in Marx's theory. And he points out that Marx,who was an avowed apostle of human freedom, came ironically to deny human freedom. This paper analyses these arguments of Gray.}, pages = {1--26}, title = {マルクスと自由一J.グレイの所説を中心として一}, volume = {43}, year = {1993}, yomi = {シライシ, マサオ} }